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MIDAZOLam

Classification

high alert medication

Controlled and targeted substance

Short-acting benzodiazepine

Indications

ACP: Sedation of agitated patients

ACP: Control of seizures

ACP: Maintenance of anesthesia in intubated patients

Contraindications

Hypersensitivity to MIDAZOLam or other benzodiazepines
Acute narrow-angle glaucoma
Shock
Decreased level of consciousness
Hypotension

Adult dosages

ACP: All indications

2-5 mg IV/IO in increments to effect
5-10 mg IM
May repeat as required in small increments
Maximum dose from all sources is 30 mg
- CliniCall consultation required if higher doses or additional sedation is required.

Pediatric Considerations And Dosing

Follow weight-based dosing

ACP: All indications

0.2 mg/kg IN, OR
- Maximum dose 10 mg
- Intranasal drug administration is recommended over intramuscular because of a more consistent absorption
- Administer half the dose in each nare
- Consult PR11: Intranasal Medication Administration for additional information on the use of mucosal atomizer devices
0.1 mg/kg IV/IO, OR
- Maximum dose 5 mg
0.2 mg/kg IM

Mechanism Of Action

Like other benzodiazepines, MIDAZOLam intensifies the activity of gamma aminobutyric acid, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. This action is believed to result in hyperpolarization of neuronal cells, which then take longer to reach threshold and depolarize.

Pharmacokinetics

Onset: 3-5 minutes (IM); 1-3 minutes (IV)
Peak: 15 minutes (IM); 10 minutes (IV)
Duration: 30 minutes (IM); 20 minutes (IV)

Adverse Effects

Sedation, headache, blurred vision
Hypotension
Nausea and vomiting
Pain and tenderness if given IM
Respiratory depression

Overdose

Benzodiazepine overdoses should be managed supportively, with oxygenation and ventilation supported as necessary, and fluids given to maintain an adequate blood pressure. Reversal agents are available in-hospital.

Warning And Precautions

Use with caution when administering other central nervous system depressants or narcotic analgesics.

Drug Interactions

Erythromycin, diltiazem, verapamil, ketoconazole, fluconazole, and itraconazole can significantly increase the bioavailability of MIDAZOLam and may produce prolonged sedation.
Ritonavir and nelfinavir may cause deep and prolonged sedation that may progress to respiratory depression.
Rifampin, carbamazepine, and phenytoin may markedly reduce the effectiveness of MIDAZOLam.